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ALLIANCE MANCHESTER BUSINESS SCHOOL
Academic Year 2018 /1 9 Semester 1
Course Un IT Code BMAN 20821
Course Unit Title New Product Development and Innovation
Credit Rating 10
Year UG 2 nd Year course unit
Course Coordinator and contact details
Programme Restrictions
Available as a free choice option to students who have received prior agreement from their registering
School. Not available to BSc in Management/Management (Specialism), IMABS, IM and ITMB.
BMAN20821 is available to study abroad and exchange students admitted through the University of Manchesters International Programmes Office
Pre-requisites: None
Co-requisites: None
Dependent course units: None
Aims
This course is concerned with the strategic management of developing and acquiring technological innovations and new products in the modern business organisation.
The module deals with:
(1) the issues involved in managing product innovation and managing the medium-term and long-term development of technology in firms;
(2) the ways in which business strategies and technological competencies interact in the firm;
(3) concepts needed to analyse firms innovation and technology strategies.
Learning Outcomes
On completion of this course, students should:
(1) understand the nature of innovation processes and become familiar with the characteristics of technologies;
(2) understand the principles involved in managing innovation and the development of technology in firms and the ways in which business strategies and technological competencies interact;
(3) appreciate the range of frameworks, and the strengths and weaknesses of them, that are used in analyses of the strategic management of technology;
(4) have an appreciation of the concepts and tools needed to analyse firms innovation and technology strategies;
(5) develop through practice the essential generic skills of: academic writing (including referencing); seminar presentation; undertaking group working; interactive group discussion; accessing business databases to identify material about firms technology and other strategies, how to use this material, using research-based concepts, to analyse a firms strategies of developing new products and technologies.
Employability
The course is made of pure lectures, during which students have the opport unity to ask questions to the lecturer and address broader, related issues, if any, and seminar presentations by students, which allow developing group working experience and presentation skills, managing questions and discussions with both the lecturer and other students. The writing of a group essay and a longer individual essay will improve skills for sourcing reliable information and data, summarizing readings and writing at high academic standard.
Methods of Delivery
The course is based on 7 two-hour lectures (weeks 1 – 5 and weeks 11-12), 4 one-hour lectures (weeks 7 – 10) , and 4 one-hour interactive seminar sessions (weeks 7 – 10) , making a total student/staff contact time of 22 hours. A detailed schedule is provided below.
Lecture Hours First Semester, Friday, 24pm weeks 1 – 5 and weeks 11 – 12. Friday 2-3pm weeks 7 – 10. Room: AMBS East B 10
Seminar Hours First Semester, Friday 3-4pm, 4 – 5pm or 5-6pm, weeks 7 – 10. Students will be assigned to one of the groups at the beginning of the course and will stay in the same group all semester. Room: AMBS East B 7
Private Study: 78 hours
Total Study Hours: 100
Attendance Attendance at all classes is compulsory and will be monitored across seminars, workshops and tutorials. Spot checks will take place across lectures.
Syllabus and Teaching Schedule
The course concerns the fundamentals of the nature of innovation and new product development. This includes a discussion of the nature of technological knowledge, how firms manage new product and process development, how they organise and manage R&D, the importance of learning from others and collaborative arrangements for innovation, how to profit from innovation, and the dynamics of competing technologies. A detailed list of lecture topics is provided below.
Teaching Schedule and Detailed Course Outline
One hour seminar sessions follow the lecture in weeks 7, 8, 9 and 10.
Week Date Topic
1.01 28 h Sept Lecture 1.1 : INTRODUCTION WHAT IS INNOVATION AND WHY DOES IT MATTER? (2 HOURS) Reading : Tidd and Bessant (20 13 ) Chapters 1 and 2 (On Key Issues in Innovation Management) Tether (2003) What is Innovation and How Can it Be Identified? (On What is Innovation and Why it Matters) 1.02 5 th Oct Lecture 1.2 : NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT: IS THERE A RECIPE FOR SUCCESS? (2 HOURS) Reading : Tidd and Bessant (20 13 ) Chapters 3 and 8 (On Managing Innovation and New Product Development) 1.03 12 th Oct Lecture 1.3 : INNOVATION & TECHNOLOGY STRATEGY (2 HOURS) Reading : Tidd and Bessant (20 13 ) Chapters 4 (On Strategy and the Role of Technology and Innovation) 1.04 19 th Oct Lecture 1.4 : ON THE NATURE OF TECHNOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR SPECIALISATION AND INNOVATION (2 HOURS) Reading : Tidd and Bessant (20 13 ) Chapter 5 – (On Sources of innovation) 1.05 26 th Oct Lecture 1.5 : STANDARDS, MODULARITY AND ORGANISATION ( 2 HOURS) Reading : See seminars reference list 1.06 2 nd Nov Reading week No Lecture 1.07 9 th Nov Lecture 1.6 : On DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGIES (1 HOUR) Reading : Tidd and Bessant (20 13 ) Chapter 9 (On creating new products and services) 1.08 16 th Nov Lecture 1.7 : On THE ORGANISATION AND MANAGEMENT OF R&D, SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS (1 HOUR) Reading : Tidd and Bessant (20 13 ) Chapter 9 (On creating new products and services) 1.09 23 rd Nov Lecture 1.8 : ON LEARNING FROM OTHERS AND THROUGH ALLIANCES – (1 HOUR) Reading : Tidd and Bessant (20 13 ) Chapters 6 and 10 – (On innovation networks, alliances and open innovation) 1.10 30 th Nov Lecture 1.9 : INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS AND APPROPRIATING THE RETURNS TO INNOVATION (1 HOUR) Reading : Reading : Tidd and Bessant (20 13 ) Chapters 1 2 (On Capturing the benefits of innovation) 1.11 7 th Dec Lecture 1.10 : TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION STRATEGY TOOLS (ROADMAPPING) AND IMPLEMENTATION MECHANISMS (2 HOURS) Reading : Tidd and Bessant (20 13 ) Chapter 8 (On Decision making under uncertainty) Lecture 1.11 : CONCLUSIONS: BUILDING THE INNOVATIVE ORGANISATION IS THERE A RECIPE FOR SUCCESS? (2 HOURS) Reading : Tidd and Bessant (20 13 ) Chapter 1 3 (On capturing learning from innovation)
Reading List
Core Text: The textbook is Managing Innovation: Integrating Technological, Market and Organisational Change by Joe Tidd and John Bessant, 2013, Fifth edition (published by Wiley). As this book is heavily used in the course, it is recommended that you buy a copy of this book (the paperback version retails at about 40).
Supplementary Texts: References for the interactive seminar sessions will be selected from the list below and are available in PDF on Blackboard:
Andersen P. and Tushman M. (1990) Technological Discontinuities and dominant designs: A cyclical model of technological change. Administrative Science Quarterly , 35: 604-633.
Arthur W. B. (1990) Positive Feedbacks in the Economy. Scientific American 262, 80-85.
Arthur W. B. (1996) Increasing returns and the new world of business. Harvard Business Review , July- August 1996, 100-109.
Bekkers R., Iversen E., Blind K. (2012) Emerging ways to address the reemerging conflict between patenting and technological standardization. Industrial and Corporate Change , 21 (4), 901931.
Besen S.M., (1992), AM versus FM: The Battle of the Bands. Industrial and Corporate Change 1, 81-
Besen S.M., Farrell J. (1994) Choosing how to Compete: Strategies and Tactics in Standardization. Journal of Economic Perspectives , 8, 117-131.
Chiesa V., Manzini R. and Toletti G. (2002) Standard-setting processes: evidence from two case studies. R&D Management , 32(5), 431-450.
Cusumano M., Mylonadis Y., and Rosembloom R. (1987) Strategic maneuvering and mass-market dynamics: The triumph of VHS over Beta. Business History Review , 66, 51-94.
David P.A. (1985) Clio and the Economics of QWERTY. American Economic Review, Papers and Proceedings , 332- 337.
de Vries HJ, de Ruijter J. P.M. and Argam N. (2011) Dominant design or multiple designs: the flash memory card case. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management , 23(3), 249-262.
Economist (2002) The fight for digital dominance , The Economist, 21st November 2002
Hagardon A.B. Douglas Y. (2001) When innovations meet institutions: Edison and the design of electrical light. Administrative Science Quarterly , 46, 476-501.
Henderson and Clark (1990) Architectural innovation: The reconfiguration of existing Product technologies and the failure of established firms. Administrative Science Quarterly , 35:9-30.
Howells J. (2002) The response of old technology incumbents to technological competition. Journal of Management Studies , 39 (7), 887-906.
Klepper, S. (1996) Entry, Exit, Growth and Innovation over the Product Life Cycle. The American Economic Review , 86, 3, 562-583.
Menanteau P., Lefebvre Herv (2001) Competing technologies and the diffusion of innovations: the emergence of energy-efficient lamps in the residential sector. Research Policy , 29 (3), 375-390.
Postrel S.R. (1990) Competing Networks and Proprietary Standards: the Case of Quadraphonic Sound. Journal of Industrial Economics XXXIX, 169-185.
Rosembloom R. and Cusumano M. (1987) Technological pioneering and competitive advantage: the birth of the VCR industry. California Management Review , 24, 51-76.
Sanderson S. and Uzumeri M. (1995) Managing product families: the case of Sony Walkman. Research Policy , 24, 761-782.
Schilling M.A. (1998) Technological lockout: An integrative model of the economic and strategic factors driving technological success and failure. Academy of Management Review , 23, 267-284.
Schilling M.A. (2002) Technology success and failure in winner-take-all markets: The impact of learning orientation, timing, and network externalities. Academy of Management Journal , 45 (2), 387 – 398.
Shapiro C., Varian H. (1999) The art of standard wars. California Management Review , 41, 2, 8-32.
Shapiro C., Varian H. (1999) Information rules , Harvard Business School Press. Ch. 7-9.
Sheremata W.A. (2004) Competiting through innovation in network markets: strategies for challenges. Academy of Management Review , 29 (3), 359377.
Suarez F. (2004) Battles for technological dominance: an integrative approach. Research Policy , 33, 271 – 286.
van de Kaa G., de Vries H. (2015) Factors for winning format battles: A comparative case study. Technological Forecasting and Social Change , 91 , 222235.
van de Kaa G., de Vries H., van den Ende J. (2015) Strategies in network industries: the importance of inter-organisational networks, complementary goods, and commitment. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management , 27 (1), 73-86.
Note : papers from this list are very important for assignment A, in which you must refer to at least THREE papers from this list. Additional, appropriate (i.e., not gratuitous) references will earn extra marks. See also the marking criteria section below for details on marking penalties.
Assessment
Assessment will be based on two course-work assignments which are outlined below: Assignment A (70%) and Assignment B (30%)
There is no exam for this course.
Coursework
Assignment A : Choose products offered by different companies based on rival technologies , including different generations of a technology, which compete directly with each other. Write an essay of 2,000 words showing what role technological innovation plays in the competitive process between the products. In the essay you should make comparisons between the different approaches and strategies to technological and market development taken by the competing companies. The essay shall draw on the frameworks for the analysis of innovation processes and strategies discussed in the course and refer to at least three papers discussed in the seminars. You must report the word count on your document, and insert the page number.
Course Assessment Weighting 70%
Coursework
Assignment A should be submitted electronically on Blackboard/Turnitin by 3:00 pm December 1 4 th 2018. Students can submit their assignment prior to the deadline. Any late submission will incur penalty see details below. Extensions are only granted if discussed and agreed with the lecturer before the deadline and for serious documented reasons only. In any case , no coursework can be submitted after 18 th January 201 9.
This in an absolute deadline beyond which coursework may not be submitted.
Assignment B : During the interactive session, each student will introduce one seminar discussion as part of a group. The number of groups and students in each group will depend on the class size. For this, each group must:
- Write a paper of 1,000 words (maximum) on the subject/reading of the week (you hand in this paper to the lecturer at the beginning of the seminar ). The format should be: PART A: a concise summary of the reading (this should take no more than half of the paper); PART B: commentary including ideas, questions and disagreements about the significance of the reading, as well as questions for discussion. (This should take up at least a half of the paper; without Part B you cant get more than a lower second mark).
- Please use at least a 12 point in Times New Roman font (or equivalent) for your coursework, and use at least 1.5 line spacing.
- Prepare a one-page summary of the paper and copy it sufficiently to give out one copy to each member of the seminar group.
4) Speak on your paper at the seminar for 15 to 20 minutes, using whatever
visual aids you wish (PPT, etc.); your presentation should not spend much time
summarising the reading; we would prefer to hear your comments on
interesting points that come up in your reading of the paper.
5) The presentation should tell the class why they should read that article , that
is what they can find in the article which may be useful for the individual essay
(assignment A), and think about other technologies and markets where the
issues discussed in the article may apply.
6) Do not read out your paper; talk to the group!
7) The presentation must be shared equally among group members, and they
should all participate in the final discussion and Q&A.
8) The assessment will be based primarily on the 1,000 word written
submission (of which at least half should be commentary on the reading);
extra marks may be given for imaginative presentations to the class.
9) The essay must be handed in to the lecturer on the day of the seminar
presentation.
Course Assessment Weighting - 30%
Resits
In case of failing the course, a resit will be assessed with an alternative coursework
Marking Criteria
The essay is valued for all the following aspects and parts: Argument & Structure; Structure; Introduction; Use of Sources; Conclusion; Presentation and Language; Bibliography and Referencing. The MBS General Marking scheme Guidelines for Undergraduate Courses are followed in this course.
You MUST reference at least THREE papers from the seminar list. Failure to do this will result in losing 3 marks for each paper. Additional, appropriate (i.e., not gratuitous) references will earn additional marks.
You MUST reference your sources and include a bibliography in your essay or you will lose marks (normally to a maximum of 10 marks if this is entirely inadequate).
Marking Process
The School follows a fair, rigorous and transparent marking process for all summative work and highlight that the adapted grade descriptors for your course unit are available to view separately on the blackboard page. The grade descriptor for your course unit assessment should help students understand the mark they have been awarded and help inform what students need to do to achieve a higher mark in future assessment. (The School template for you to modify is attached and also available on the intranet).Please note the reduced scale step marking grade descriptor is only applicable to qualitative assessment.
Feedback
Feedback to students on their progress will be by the following means: (1) through written comments on essays/projects after marking; (2) verbally after the seminar presentation and discussion; (3) through individual tutorials as necessary.
Each group essay will receive a feedback form which contains summative and formative feedback. A proforma for assessing coursework similar to the one used is provided at the end of this module outline. Effort will be made to provide feedback on the group essay the following week, or on Week 11 at latest, so that students will have the opportunity to discuss the feedback in person with the lecturer.
The feedback on the individual essay will be provided on 15 th February 201 9 at latest (15 working days from the start of semester two which is 1st February – Xmas vacation is 1 7 Dec to 1 1 Jan / Exams period is 1 4 Jan to 2 5 Jan – as per University regulation). Effort will be made to provide feedback before the beginning of Semester 2.
Methods of Feedback from Students/Course Unit Survey
In addition to the central unit survey you are encouraged to obtain student feedback in relation to your Student comments on the course will be solicited in seminar sessions. Students views are also sought through the University feedback questionnaire.
Every year a central unit evaluation questionnaire is administered by the Undergraduate Office to obtain student feedback in relation to each course. Collated results of the questionnaire will be circulated to all course lecturers and will be an input into the annual course revision meeting in the
Summer Term. Further feedback is welcome should students wish to provide this. The feedback from students is used to improve the course.
Methods of Feedback from Students/Course Unit Survey
Student comments on the course will be solicited in seminar sessions. Students views are also sought through the University feedback questionnaire.
Every year a central unit evaluation questionnaire is administered by the Undergraduate Office to obtain student feedback in relation to each course. Collated results of the questionnaire will be circulated to all course lecturers and will be an input into the annual course revision meeting in the Summer Term. Further feedback is welcome should students wish to provide this. The feedback from students is used to improve the course.
Referencing Books, Chapters in Edited Books and Official Reports
In your essays and reports, it is important to reference material drawn from books correctly, with the name(s) of the author(s), year of publication, title of the book (underlined or in italics ), publisher, and place of publication. Examples are given below:
Porter, M. (1990), The Competitive Advantage of Nations , Macmillan, London.
Tidd, J., Bessant, J. and Pavitt, K. (2001) Managing Innovation: Integrating Technological, Market and Organisational Change , J. Wiley, Chichester and New York.
When referencing a chapter in an edited book, provide the author(s) name(s), the year or publication, the chapter title (in inverted commas), followed by the name(s) of the editor(s) of the book followed by (ed.) or (eds.) to indicate it is an edited book, the books title (underlined or in italics ), the name of the publisher and the place of publication. For example:
Channon, Derek (1996) Direct Line Insurance PLC: new approaches to the insurance market, in Baden-Fuller, C. and Pitt, M. (eds.)(1996) Strategic Innovation: An International Casebook on Strategic Management , Routledge, London and New York
References to official reports from companies, government bodies or non-gonvermental agencies should take the following form: The name of the body responsible, year of publication, title of the report (underlined or in italics ), the name of the publisher, and place of publication. For example:
CAA (1995) Slot Allocation: A Proposal for Europes Airports , CAP 644, Civil Aviation Authority, London.
Eurocontol (2001) Guidelines on Runway Capacity Enhancement , Eurocontrol Performance Enhancement Programme for European Air Traffic Management (EATMP), Brussels (available at http://www.eurocontrol.int/eatmp/work/runway.pdf))
Academic Journals
Academic journals that focus on innovation and technological change include: Research Policy, Industrial and Corporate Change, Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, Technovation, International Journal of Technology Management, International Journal of Innovation Management, R&D Management, Research-Technology-Management, IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management.
Other management journals, such as Administrative Science Quarterly, Management Science, Organization Science, Strategic Management Journal, Harvard Business Review, the California Management Review and OMEGA also often have papers that relate to innovation and technology strategies.
Current and past issues of these journals are available at the Precinct Library. Many if not all are also available on-line through the librarys web-pages. See: http://www.library.manchester.ac.uk/ and click on electronic resources and then on e-journals.
Referencing Articles in Academic Journals and Working Papers
In your essays and reports, it is important to reference materials drawn from articles in academic journals correctly, with the name(s) of the author(s), year of publication, title of the paper, journal title (underlined or in italics ), journal volume and issue number, and first and last page numbers of the article in the journal. Examples are given below:
Teece, D. (1986), Profiting from Technological Innovation, Research Policy , 15(6), 285-305.
Teece, D., Pisano, G., and Shuen, A. (1997), Dynamic Capabilities and Strategic Management, Strategic Management Journal , 18(7), 509-533.
Many working papers are now available on the internet. For example, see http://les1.man.ac.uk/cric/papers.htm for the series of briefing, discussion and working papers published by the ESRC Centre for Research on Innovation and Competition (CRIC) at the University of Manchester. If you use material from working or discussion papers, you should reference them with the name of the author(s), year of publication, name of the paper, and the name of the publishing institute. If you found the paper online, it is also useful to provide the URL, and the date accessed. For example:
B. S. Tether (2000) Who Co-Operates For Innovation Within The Supply-Chain, And Why?, C RIC Discussion Paper No. 35, CRIC, University of Manchester and UMIST, Manchester, UK (Available at http://les1.man.ac.uk/cric/papers.htm)..)
Media Sources
Newspapers of use in the MSM library in the Precinct Centre include: Financial Times, The Economist, New Scientist. These are particularly useful for keep abreast of international business, industrial and technological developments. Company web-sites are also often useful for information on individual firms, although the information is likely to be selective.
Referencing Information Drawn from the Media
In your essays and reports, it is important to reference materials drawn from the media correctly. Information from newspapers or magazines can be referred to with just the title of the newspaper or magazine, the date of publication and the page number. e.g., Financial Times , June 6th, 2003, page 4. or New Scientist , August 4th, 203. Sometimes, if you have drawn substantially from an article you may decide to cite it in the same way as you would an article in an academic journal (see above). This is acceptable.
Information drawn from internet web-sites should indicate the name of the organisation whose web-site it is, the date of access, and the URL for the particular page from which information was drawn. For example, BP, Statistical Review of World Energy, 52nd Edition, available at
http://www.bp.com/centres/energy/ (accessed, 28th August, 2003)
The format for citing information on web-sites is less standardised than for articles or books the basic idea however is that you provide sufficient information for the reader to be able to find the same information for him- or her-self.